Hemorrhoids are a common condition that can cause discomfort, pain, and bleeding during bowel movements. While many people find relief through over-the-counter treatments, lifestyle changes, or non-invasive procedures, some cases require a more definitive solution. When conservative methods fail, a hemorrhoidectomy surgical procedure may offer lasting relief.

What Is a Hemorrhoidectomy?

A hemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure designed to remove severe or persistent hemorrhoids that do not respond to other treatments. It is typically recommended for patients with large internal hemorrhoids, recurring external hemorrhoids, or a combination of both that causes significant symptoms.

The procedure involves the surgical excision of hemorrhoidal tissue using a scalpel, laser, or other surgical tools. Depending on the case, patients may receive local, spinal, or general anesthesia to ensure comfort during the operation.

When Is a Hemorrhoidectomy Necessary?

Doctors usually suggest a hemorrhoidectomy when:

• There is persistent bleeding despite non-surgical treatment
• Hemorrhoids have prolapsed and cannot be manually retracted
• Severe pain and swelling interfere with daily life
• A thrombosed hemorrhoid has not improved with conservative care
• There are complications like strangulation or infection

The decision to undergo a hemorrhoidectomy surgical procedure is typically made after thorough evaluation and discussion with a colorectal surgeon or specialist.

Types of Hemorrhoidectomy

There are several techniques used during surgery, including:

• Closed Hemorrhoidectomy: The most common method, where hemorrhoids are excised and the wound is stitched closed.
• Open Hemorrhoidectomy: In this method, the surgical site is left open to heal naturally, often used when the area is at high risk of infection.
• Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy: This method involves using a stapling device to reposition and cut off the blood supply to internal hemorrhoids.

Your surgeon will determine the most appropriate technique based on the severity of your condition and your medical history.

What to Expect During Recovery

Recovery from a hemorrhoidectomy typically takes 2 to 4 weeks, although full healing can take a bit longer. Most patients experience some pain and discomfort, especially during bowel movements in the initial days. To support healing and minimize discomfort:

• Follow your doctor’s instructions regarding diet and medications
• Take prescribed pain relievers and stool softeners
• Drink plenty of fluids and eat a high-fiber diet
• Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activity
• Keep the surgical site clean and dry

Patients are usually advised to take time off work and rest as much as needed during the initial recovery phase.

Benefits of the Procedure

Despite a potentially uncomfortable recovery, many patients experience significant benefits from a hemorrhoidectomy, such as:

• Long-term relief from symptoms like bleeding, itching, and swelling
• Fewer recurrences compared to non-surgical treatments
• Improved quality of life and ability to resume daily activities without discomfort

Possible Risks and Complications

Like any surgery, a hemorrhoidectomy carries some risks. These may include:

• Pain during recovery
• Bleeding
• Infection
• Urinary retention
• Anal strictures or incontinence (rare)

Your surgeon will discuss these risks with you and take measures to reduce their likelihood.

While a hemorrhoidectomy is not the first line of treatment for hemorrhoids, it remains one of the most effective methods for severe or stubborn cases. Understanding what the procedure involves, how to prepare, and what to expect afterward can help patients make informed decisions and ensure a smoother recovery.

If you’ve been suffering from hemorrhoid symptoms that don’t respond to typical treatments, speak with your healthcare provider to see if a hemorrhoidectomy surgical procedure is right for you.